1.1.1.4. Derivation of the Navier-Stokes Equations¶
1.1.1.4.1. Assumptions¶
Newtonian fluid: linear relationship between stress and strain, hence viscosity is constant
Flow is incompressible: density is constant
Flow is isothermal: temperature is constant
1.1.1.4.2. Normal Stresses¶
1.1.1.4.2.1. \(\nabla \cdot \vec V = 0\) for incompressible flow:¶
1.1.1.4.3. Shear Stresses¶
1.1.1.4.4. x-direction Momentum Equation for a Newtonian, incompressible, isothermal fluid¶
1.1.1.4.4.1. From the Momentum Equation:¶
1.1.1.4.4.2. Substitute in normal stresses and shear stresses:¶
1.1.1.4.4.3. Rewrite:¶
1.1.1.4.4.4. \(\nabla \cdot \vec V = 0\) for incompressible flow:¶
1.1.1.4.4.5. Vector Notation¶
1.1.1.4.5. Solutions¶
3 Momentum Equations + Continuity = 4 Equations
Unknowns = u, v, w, p, \(\rho = 5\) Unknowns
Need an equation of state - to relate pressure and density
The Navier-Stokes Equations are time-dependent, non-linear, 2nd order PDEs - very few known solutions (parallel plates, pipe flow, concentric cylinders).
The Transient Term is \({\partial \vec V / \partial t}\)
The Convection Term is \(\vec V(\nabla \cdot \vec V)\). This is the non-linear term and is the cause most of the difficulty in solving these equations.
The Diffusion Term is \(\mu \nabla^2 \vec V\). This is the 2nd order term.
The Body Force Term is \(\rho \vec g\)
The Pressure Gradient Term is \(\nabla p\)
The only general approach is computational