2.1.1.2.1. Statements - perform an action¶

“The unit of meaning isn’t the word”

• Statements are the smallest independent unit in C++

• Most statements end with a semicolon

Types of statement:

• Declaration statements

• Jump statements

• Expression statements

• Compound statements

• Selection statements (conditionals)

• Iteration statements (loops)

• Try blocks

2.1.1.2.2. Functions - collection of statements executing sequentially¶

• Functions are groups of statements

• Every C++ program must have a main() function

• The first statement in the main() function runs first

• Parentheses added to the function to distinguish it from variables

2.1.1.2.3. Pre-processor directive¶

• Use contents of iostream library for cout

• iostream is part of the C++ standard library

• The C++ standard library is packaged upcode that can be used for added fuctionality

#include <iostream>

2.1.1.2.4. Function body¶

Enclosed by curly braces

{

}

2.1.1.2.5. Console output¶

Send text to cout (console output)

cout << "text to send to console";

2.1.1.2.6. Return¶

Returns the value 0 to the operating system - everything went ok

return 0;

2.1.1.2.7. Syntax¶

• C++ grammatical rules governing how programs are structured to be considered valid

• Errors are reported like this:

test.cpp: lineNumber : columnNumber

• In VIM this corresponds to lineNumber, columnNumber shown in bottom right

• Errors can actually be on the previous line, as they may only be discovered on subsequent lines